Tag Archives: Bread

The King’s Test – Sermon on John 6:1-15 for the Fourth Sunday of Lent

John 6:1-15

1 After this Jesus went away to the other side of the Sea of Galilee, which is the Sea of Tiberias. 2 And a large crowd was following him, because they saw the signs that he was doing on the sick. 3 Jesus went up on the mountain, and there he sat down with his disciples. 4 Now the Passover, the feast of the Jews, was at hand. 5 Lifting up his eyes, then, and seeing that a large crowd was coming toward him, Jesus said to Philip, “Where are we to buy bread, so that these people may eat?” 6He said this to test him, for he himself knew what he would do. 7 Philip answered him, “Two hundred denarii worth of bread would not be enough for each of them to get a little.” 8 One of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, said to him, 9 “There is a boy here who has five barley loaves and two fish, but what are they for so many?” 10 Jesus said, “Have the people sit down.” Now there was much grass in the place. So the men sat down, about five thousand in number. 11Jesus then took the loaves, and when he had given thanks, he distributed them to those who were seated. So also the fish, as much as they wanted. 12 And when they had eaten their fill, he told his disciples, “Gather up the leftover fragments, that nothing may be lost.” 13 So they gathered them up and filled twelve baskets with fragments from the five barley loaves left by those who had eaten. 14 When the people saw the sign that he had done, they said, “This is indeed the Prophet who is to come into the world!” 

15 Perceiving then that they were about to come and take him by force to make him king, Jesus withdrew again to the mountain by himself.

In the name of Jesus. Amen.

Jesus asks Philip, “Where are we to buy bread, so that these people may eat?” And John gives us insight as to why Jesus asks the question. It was to test Philip. Now, Jesus didn’t just find Himself in the midst of the wilderness surrounded 5,000 men plus women and children – in all likelihood a crowd of ten to twenty thousand people – with no food and sees an opportunity for a test. No, Christ sets the entire thing up.

The feeding of the 5,000 is one of the few events recorded in all four Gospels (Mt. 14:13-21; Mk. 6:30-44; Lk. 9:10-17; and Jn. 6:1-15). The picture the texts collectively paint is that Jesus intentionally draws this crowd out into the wilderness (Mk. 6:31). He takes the time to heal many of them (Mt. 14:14) and preaches late into the evening (Mk. 6:34-35). In other words, Jesus means to bring them to that desolate place where there is no food, but food is needed. On top of that, He is the King who created everything (Jn. 1:1-2, 14). Jesus can cause rain to fall in one place but not another (Am. 4:7). Throughout the entire world, Jesus was the One providing bread and food for all mankind (Ps. 145:15-16), but Christ brought this massive crowd out into the wilderness to this particular mountain in order to set this test up for Philip. And the test has one question, “Where are we to buy bread, so that these people may eat?” Jesus isn’t looking for information. He’s not asking Philip to devise a plan or order something through Door Dash. The text tells us, “[Jesus] knew what He would do” (Jn. 6:6).

Now, put yourself in Philip’s position. It isn’t hard to imagine. When was the last time you were in a seemingly impossible situation? Your bank account got low, and suddenly your car needs significant, expensive repairs. You wonder, “Where’s the money going to come from?” Your kid or your spouse gets sick, and while you are doing everything you can to care for them, you get sick too. You don’t know where you will get the strength care for yourself much less your kid. You’re in a really busy time at work, then there is a blizzard, so you have to dig yourself out and help your aging parents clear out their driveway too. You don’t know where you will find the time to do everything that needs to be done. How often do you look at your calendar or think through all the things you need to accomplish and have no idea how you are going to make it through the week? Whether it is resources and money, strength and endurance, time and skills, there are moments in your life where you are buried under the expenses, responsibilities, and tasks, and all you can see is what you don’t have.

That is why Philip fails Jesus’ test. He sees what they have, and he concludes it isn’t enough. His response is, basically, “You’re jumping the gun, Jesus. Look around. We’re in the wilderness, not the marketplace. Even if we were surrounded by stores fully stocked with bread, we don’t have enough money. Two-hundred denarii wouldn’t be enough for all of them to even get a bite.”

The test was for Philip, but Andrew, Peter’s brother, takes a shot at the exam. This is just an aside, but this text really shows how similar Andrew and Peter are. Peter will jump into situations like a madman (Mt. 14:28-29) and will speak when he should just be silent (Mk. 9:5-6). Andrew does the same when he says, “This boy has five barley loaves and two fish, but that’s not going to cut it with this crowd.”

Both Philip and Andrew fail the test even though they knew the answer. The correct answer was, “I don’t know where we will buy bread, Jesus. But I do know You are here. You have provided food in bleaker situations than this, so You’ve got it all under control.” Philip and Andrew knew that Jesus was the Messiah (Jn. 1:41). They knew He was the fulfillment of what Moses and the prophets wrote (Jn. 1:45). In other words, they both knew that Jesus was the one who rained bread from heaven and sent quail in abundance for His people in the wilderness (Ex. 16:4, 13). They knew Jesus was the one who sent the ravens to feed Elijah by the brook (1 Kgs. 17:3-7) and through the widow’s jars of oil and flour that never ran out during the drought (1 Kgs. 17:14-16). They know that God promises in Psalm 34:10 which says, “Those who seek the Lord lack no good thing.”

Both Philip and Andrew know all of this, but they still fail the test, just like you and I do. They fail, notbecause they don’t know enough, weren’t taught well, or needed to go back to Sunday School. They fail for the same reasons we do – because we are sinners. All of us sinners fail to trust God’s promises to provide everything we need. Instead, we fall into despair, weakness, unbelief, and a ‘woe-is-me’ attitude.

Dear saints, repent and then rejoice.

When God brings tests and trials your way, remember that He is with you. And because He is with you, it doesn’t matter what you have or don’t have. Jesus doesn’t need soil and seed and rain and time and the right weather conditions and combines and grain elevators and flour mills and factories and bakers and truck drivers and grocers to give people bread. Jesus doesn’t need boats and bait and poles and nets and processing plants or even water to feed people fish. Just because those are the normal methods God delivers bread and meat to us, that doesn’t mean that is the only way He does it. Jesus is always free and able to cut all of that out and give exactly what is needed when it is needed – just like He does here.

Christ provides what Philip, Andrew, and all the disciples could not buy, bake, grow, earn, catch, or deserve. He provides this meal to the crowds and enough to last His flunked disciples for days afterward.

But most importantly, Jesus lavishly pours out His mercy and grace on His sinful disciples. We see it here as He doesn’t scold them for their unbelief and sin. In fact after this, Jesus will feed another crowd – four thousand that time (Mk. 8:1-10). And right after that the disciples are with Jesus in a boat, and they realize they only have one loaf of bread, and they will worry about their lack of food again (Mk. 8:14-21).

Jesus is always in control of every situation. The crowds here are about to try and take Christ by force to make Him king, but Jesus simply withdraws. And one year later, at the next Passover, the crowds will come with force to arrest Jesus, but He will not withdraw. They will put a royal purple robe on Him, crown Him with thorns (Jn. 19:2-3), crucify Him, and place a placard above His head that says, “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews” (Jn. 19:19). There, on the cross, He will give and shed His blood for the forgiveness of sinners who fail the tests.

But the cross is no test. Instead, it is where Jesus, your Savior and King, demonstrated and proved His love and mercy for you, and for all us failures. Here and now, He delivers that mercy to you as He gives you His kingly Body and His royal Blood given and shed for the forgiveness of all your sins and failures.

Dear saints, come and receive. Amen.

The peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus. Amen.

Provision – Sermon on John 6:1-15 for the Fourth Sunday in Lent

Listen here.

John 6:1-15

1 After this Jesus went away to the other side of the Sea of Galilee, which is the Sea of Tiberias. 2 And a large crowd was following him, because they saw the signs that he was doing on the sick. 3 Jesus went up on the mountain, and there he sat down with his disciples. 4 Now the Passover, the feast of the Jews, was at hand. 

5 Lifting up his eyes, then, and seeing that a large crowd was coming toward him, Jesus said to Philip, “Where are we to buy bread, so that these people may eat?” 6 He said this to test him, for he himself knew what he would do. 7 Philip answered him, “Two hundred denarii worth of bread would not be enough for each of them to get a little.” 8 One of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, said to him, 9 “There is a boy here who has five barley loaves and two fish, but what are they for so many?” 10 Jesus said, “Have the people sit down.” Now there was much grass in the place. So the men sat down, about five thousand in number. 11Jesus then took the loaves, and when he had given thanks, he distributed them to those who were seated. So also the fish, as much as they wanted. 12 And when they had eaten their fill, he told his disciples, “Gather up the leftover fragments, that nothing may be lost.” 13 So they gathered them up and filled twelve baskets with fragments from the five barley loaves left by those who had eaten. 14 When the people saw the sign that he had done, they said, “This is indeed the Prophet who is to come into the world!” 

15 Perceiving then that they were about to come and take him by force to make him king, Jesus withdrew again to the mountain by himself.

In the name of Jesus. Amen.

All of us Christians are tempted to divide our life into two separate, distinct parts. On one side is all the spiritual things: God, Jesus, Holy Spirit, forgiveness, going to church, reading the Bible, praying, eternal life, etc. On the other side is all the physical things that we have to deal with every day: food, clothing, money, house, chores, jobs, etc. When we do this, we figure that we need God and Jesus and mercy over here and hard work, effort, diligence, and maybe a little bit of luck over here. In this mindset, God takes care of our spiritual life, but we have to take care of ourselves and those under our protection in our physical life.

We need to stop thinking that way. That kind of division simply doesn’t exist. And when we have that dividing line in our minds, we suffer both physically and spiritually. The God who richly provides you with His mercy, love, and forgiveness is the exact same God who provides you with food, gas, a job, money, house, shoes, and toilet paper. Jesus is Lord in heaven, and He is Lord on earth. He cares for your all spiritual and all your physical needs.

We got a glimpse of this in our Old Testament reading (Ex. 16:2-21). There, the people of Israel had just been brought of Egypt by God’s mighty hand through the ten plagues which brought judgment on their Egyptian masters. God had parted the Red Sea to deliver them from Pharoah’s army. But almost right away, they begin to complain to Moses, “It’s too bad we didn’t die in Egypt where we had meat and bread. Moses, why did you bring us out in the wilderness to kill us by starvation?” Which is a ludicrous thing to say. As if Moses had brought them out of Egypt by his power! I mean, had they forgotten that it was God who delivered them from their slavery? Apparently, they had! Notice how Moses and Aaron respond to the people (Ex. 16:6-7), “At evening you shall know that it was the Lord who brought you out of the land of Egypt, and in the morning you shall see the glory of the Lord, for He has heard your grumbling against the Lord. For what are we, that you grumble against us?” 

So, God provides mana for the people. The reason it’s called ‘mana’ is that’s what the people asked. In Hebrew, “What is it?” is מָ֣ן ה֔וּא (pronounced, “man hu”). You have to love the Scriptures; v. 15 is one of my favorite, “Duh,” moments in the Bible. “When the people of Israel saw it, they said to one another, ‘What is it?’ For they did not know what it was.”

But the point we need to see is how God was providing for His people physically and spiritually. We see it in how they were to gather the mana. For five days, they were to gather just enough for that day, but on the sixth morning, they were to gather enough for the sixth and seventh day. All the other days, they were to keep nothing for the next morning. But when a few of them tried to keep some leftovers, it rotted, and got all wormy and stinky. God had promised to feed the people’s stomachs each day, but only for the day. And by taking only enough for each day, God was feeding the people’s faith. They had to trust that God would do for them tomorrow what He had done today – which, it’s important to note, is exactly what they were struggling with.

In this Gospel text, we see Jesus providing for His people spiritually by teaching the people late into the evening then providing for His people physically by multiplying the bread and fish. Every indication is that Jesus set this whole dilemma up. It isn’t as clear here in John’s Gospel, but in Mark’s account (Mk. 6:30-44) of this same event, Jesus sees the people coming and has compassion on them because they are like sheep without a shepherd. Mark tells us that Jesus begins to teach them many things, and our Lord teaches them until late into the evening (Mk. 6:35). Jesus knows what it is to be hungry (Lk. 4:2), and He could have taught them for several hours and then told them, “You know what guys it’s getting late. You should go home and get some supper, and we can pick up tomorrow.” But He doesn’t.

Another indication that Jesus set this whole thing up is His conversation with Philip (there’s sort of two of them wrapped up together, here). John tells us that Jesus, “knew what He was going to do.” But the other thing is this: Notice how Jesus words His question to Phillip, “Where are we to buy bread, so that these people may eat?” It’s specific. “Where are we to buy bread.” There are all sorts of logistical problems with trying to feed a crowd this size. But Jesus doesn’t ask, “Where are the Sam’s Clubs and Hugo’s around here with large inventories of bread?” He doesn’t ask, “How are we going to get the bread delivered? Where will we get the carts and animals get all that food into this desolate place?” He doesn’t inquire as to how they would distribute the food to all those people. Jesus asks Phillip, “Where are we to buy bread?” In other words (and I know I’m belaboring the point) Jesus is asking Phillip, “How is money going to help us here, Phillip?”

Phillip must have had the same problem that we have in dividing up his life into two categories of physical and spiritual. And Phillip apparently trusted in money as the solution to physical problems. If you’re like me, you probably think the same way. When you think through your life and all the things that could be better and make you comfortable, there is probably a dollar amount that you have in your mind that would make all your problems go away. Will the coming $1,400 of COVID money fix your problems? Probably not. So, how much do you need? $10,000? $100,000? $5 million? But even if you got that amount, what other problems would spring up that would require more? I say this to you, and I say this to myself, repent.

Phillip throws out 200 denarii as his answer. But why didn’t Phillip say 500 denarii or 800 denarii? Let’s do a little budgeting. A denarius is equal to one day’s wage. So, for the sake of making the math easier, let’s just say feeding your family cost 1/3 of a denarius per meal. Back then, they didn’t have mortgages, car payments, utility bills, or student loans. The main expense was putting food on the table. There are 5,000 men and their families who need a meal. At 1/3 of a denarius per meal that totals 1,667 denarii. But Phillip throws out 200 which isn’t even close to a logical estimate to feed a crowd this size. So, why that number; why 200?

The best guess that I have seen suggested is that is how much money Jesus and the disciples had. Now Judas, the disciple who betrayed Jesus, was the one who kept track of the moneybag (Jn. 12:6, 13:29). But Phillip probably kept a pretty close eye on it too. Phillip knows they have 200 denarii, and it isn’t going to be enough.

The Old Testament Israelites in the wilderness only saw the barrenness around them and figured they would starve. Phillip looks at their 200 denarii and figures it won’t be enough to feed the crowd. Here’s the thing, whenever we look only at what we have, it’s never going to appear to be enough. Instead of focusing on what we have, we need to look past that and see Whom we have.

Dear saints, we have Jesus on our side. All things were made by Him (Jn. 1:3), and He spent every drop of His blood to redeem and save us while we were His enemies (Ro. 6:8-10). Don’t think for one second that He is going to leave you in a lurch either spiritually or physically.

Jesus is your Savior who taught you to pray, “Give us this day our daily bread and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive us who trespass against us.” Jesus Himself ties those two petitions together with that little word, ‘and.’ Your Savior wants you to look to Him as the provider of both your spiritual and your physical needs.

I have one final consideration for you today. The other three Gospels help shape this point (see Mt. 14:13-21; Mk. 6:30-44; and Lk. 9:10-17). They tell us that Jesus feeds the 5,000 in the wilderness. In Greek, the word is where we get our word ‘arid’ which means there is not enough rain there to support vegetation. It’s desolate and barren. The same word gets used to describe the place where Jesus fasted for forty days and nights and was tempted by the devil (Mt. 4:1; Mk. 1:12-13; and Lk. 4:1) – not that it was necessarily the same place.

The first temptation that the devil threw at Jesus in that arid wilderness, in that deserted place, was to turn stones into bread. Jesus refused. But now, in a deserted, arid, wilderness Jesus multiplies bread so that others can fill their bellies as full as they want. What Jesus did not do for Himself, He does for others. Christ won’t destroy rocks to put food in His own stomach. He certainly could have, but He would have been altering creation. But He will and does work within creation to multiply the bread and provide more than enough to fill the stomachs of others – even those who will reject him in the coming days (see the rest of Jn. 6).

Here’s the point, dear saints. Jesus, your Savior, came not to be served but to serve (Mt. 20:28), and He serves you. Rejoice. He has and will continue to provide for all your needs – physically and spiritually. He has and will provide everything, absolutely everything, you need for this life and the next. Amen.

The peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus. Amen.

It’s Not Enough – Sermon for the Fourth Sunday in Lent on John 6:1-15

Listen here.

John 6:1-15

1 After this Jesus went away to the other side of the Sea of Galilee, which is the Sea of Tiberias. 2 And a large crowd was following him, because they saw the signs that he was doing on the sick. 3 Jesus went up on the mountain, and there he sat down with his disciples. 4 Now the Passover, the feast of the Jews, was at hand.

5 Lifting up his eyes, then, and seeing that a large crowd was coming toward him, Jesus said to Philip, “Where are we to buy bread, so that these people may eat?” 6 He said this to test him, for he himself knew what he would do. 7 Philip answered him, “Two hundred denarii worth of bread would not be enough for each of them to get a little.” 8 One of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, said to him, 9 “There is a boy here who has five barley loaves and two fish, but what are they for so many?” 10 Jesus said, “Have the people sit down.” Now there was much grass in the place. So the men sat down, about five thousand in number. 11 Jesus then took the loaves, and when he had given thanks, he distributed them to those who were seated. So also the fish, as much as they wanted. Jesus feeds the 5000 112 And when they had eaten their fill, he told his disciples, “Gather up the leftover fragments, that nothing may be lost.” 13 So they gathered them up and filled twelve baskets with fragments from the five barley loaves left by those who had eaten. 14 When the people saw the sign that he had done, they said, “This is indeed the Prophet who is to come into the world!”

15 Perceiving then that they were about to come and take him by force to make him king, Jesus withdrew again to the mountain by himself.

In the name of Jesus. Amen.

Armies can’t feed a crowd this size without preparing in advance. But Jesus knew all along what He was going to do. He knew that this boy would be there with his little snack of five loaves and two fish, and what Jesus does is absolutely remarkable. This miracle shows that Jesus doesn’t need soil and seed and rain and time and combines and grain elevators and flour mills and bakers and grocers to feed people bread. It shows that Jesus doesn’t need fishing boats and bait and nets and processing plants or even water to feed people fish.

But if we come away from this text seeing only Jesus’ power, we miss the point. Now, don’t get me wrong. This miracle certainly shows His power, that He is God in the flesh. But there is much more than simply that. This text shows us who we are as sinners and how generous God is. That is why the text tells us that Jesus set this whole situation up as a test (v. 6). Because we are sinners, we always think that what God provides isn’t enough. The disciples show how we aren’t content when God gives little, and the crowd shows how we aren’t content when God gives an abundance.

Phillip is the first to say there isn’t enough. Jesus asks, “Hey, Phillip. Know any good bakeries around here where we can buy bread for all these people?” Without even checking his pockets or asking the other disciples how much they have in their wallets, Phillip answers, “Whoa there Jesus. We don’t have enough. Two hundred day’s wages wouldn’t scratch the surface.”

Andrew chimes in as well. “This kid has five loaves and two fish. But it’s not enough. It’s just his afternoon snack.” The disciples see their lack and fall into despair.

You and I do the same. We never think we have enough. We sinfully think that we need more income to pay the bills, more time to get things done, more resources at our disposal. Like the disciples, we worry when there is a lack. We forget that we have a God who has promised to be our Father and give all that we need for this body and life. Jesus has promised, “Seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness and all these things will be added to you” (Mt. 6:33).

So, the disciples see their lack and say, “It’s not enough.” But Jesus proves the disciples to be wrong.

Christ extravagantly feeds the whole crowd. Jesus has them lie down. Our translation says ‘sit down,’ but Jesus has them lie down like lords, kings, and emperors at a feast so they can be served. When their ancestors were fed with mana in the wilderness, they had to go out each morning and gather it up themselves (Ex. 16:2-21). But Jesus makes sure they are waited upon.

Each and every last one of them gets to stuff their face with as much food as they like. No one is told, “Look fatty, slow down. You’ve had enough.” There is always more – even for the gluttons.

But even in the midst of this abundance, the crowds say, “It’s not enough; we need more.” They see this sign and want to make Jesus their bread king. They figure that if Jesus can provide food for them to eat like royalty, they can make Him their king and they won’t ever need to worry about food or clothes or homes or anything ever again. Just put Jesus on a throne in Jerusalem and they can live the rest of their lives on easy street.

But Jesus didn’t come to be their bread king. Jesus Himself says, “It’s not enough. I will not be your bread king. I will not be your king apart from the cross.”

Jesus came to give them more than bread and fish. He desired to give them more than food, clothing, homes, shelter and protection. Jesus had come to give them, and you, Himself.

Cross and CommunionJesus came to have His back torn by a whip and His forehead sliced open by the crown of thorns. Jesus came to have His body broken. Jesus came to have His hands and feet nailed to the cross, His side run through with a spear. Jesus came to give you every last drop of His forgiving blood. Jesus came to give you eternal mercy, forgiveness, and life.

So, don’t be like the disciples who see their lack and day, “It’s not enough.” Jesus wants you to believe when you have nothing because He will certainly provide.

And don’t be like the crowds who see the abundance and say, “It’s not enough; we want more.” Jesus wants you to receive what He gives. Don’t let it spoil. Use it knowing that He will always provide more than you will ever need.

Also, don’t forget about the boy. He is the picture of faith in contrast to both the disciples and the crowds. This boy generously gives everything he has. He doesn’t know what Jesus will do with it. He doesn’t give because there is a promise that he will be blessed or rewarded. The boy simply believes that what he gives to Jesus will be used for good. And it is. Jesus multiplies what the boy gives – multiplies it and satisfies the hunger of others.

The same is true when you give, no matter how much or how little. God can and will multiply it because God knows how to multiply the gifts that you bring and satisfy the needs of others. Amen.

The peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus. Amen.