Tag Archives: Slavery

The Ten Words – Sermon on Exodus 20:1-17 for the Sixth Sunday after Trinity

Exodus 20:1-17

1 And God spoke all these words, saying, 

2 “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. 

3 “You shall have no other gods before me. 4 You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. 5 You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, 6 but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments. 

7 “You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain. 

8 “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your male servant, or your female servant, or your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates. 11 For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. 

12 “Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you. 

13 “You shall not murder. 

14 “You shall not commit adultery. 

15 “You shall not steal. 

16 “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 

17 “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house.“You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor’s.”

In the name of Jesus. Amen.

Dear saints, you are familiar with this text – or, at least, you should be. We know these verses as “the Ten Commandments” – even though Scripture itself never refers to them as the Ten Commandments. (More on that in just a bit.)

We have grown used to thinking that God only gave the Ten Commandments to show us our sin so that we repent and believe in Jesus for the forgiveness of our sin. Saying that isn’t wrong – not in the least! Scripture says that one of the reasons God gave us the Law is to tell us what we must and have failed to do (Ro. 7:7-12). That’s how Luther uses them in his Small Catechism, and in his hymn on the Ten Commandments that we just sang, he does the same thing, “You have this Law to see therein / that you have not been free from sin, / but also that you clearly see / how pure toward God your life should be.” But God gave the Ten Commandments to do more than simply show us our sin.

Scripture calls this text “the Ten Words” (Ex. 34:28; Dt. 4:13, 10:4). The Bible refers to them as “the Ten Words” because only one of them is actually an imperative (command) – “Honor your father and mother.” All the rest are indicative (statements). A perfectly legitimate – and, admittedly, shorthand – way to understand these verses would be, “You will have no other gods before Me…. You will not misuse My Name…. You will keep the Sabbath holy…. Honor your parents. You will not murder, commit adultery, steal, lie, covet.”

As God’s people heard these words at the base of Mt. Sinai, they would have understood three distinct things at the same time. First, they would have understood that this is what God demands they do, which is how we normally understand them. Second, they would have heard them as a description of who they are and how God sees them. Third, they would have heard these as God’s promise to work in them to make them all these things (Php. 1:6).

Think of it this way: A boy might be pestered and bullied by a girl at school so much that he finally retaliates and shoves her to the ground. (You boys, don’t do that because that’s wrong.) They boy’s parents get called to the principal’s office and learn about the altercation. When they get home, the parents send the boy to his room as punishment. Afterwards, the father goes into his son’s room for ‘the talk’ and says, “We do not shove, hit, or be mean to girls.”

Notice what that speech from the father does. First, by saying, “we,” the father is still showing his son that they are in a relationship. The son hasn’t been abandoned or disowned; they belong together and are identified together as a unit. Second, the father is also saying that as a unit, they act and behave a certain way – they don’t use physical force against girls. Also, the boy knows that his dad is forbidding him to use physical force against a girl. All three of those things get communicated at the same time. The Ten Words here work just like that.

Let’s stick with that analogy about the boy and the girl bully to get one more thing about the Ten Words across. As soon as the boy pushed the girl to the ground and saw that she was dirty, dusty, and hurt, the boy’s conscience kicked in because he knew what he had done was wrong even before he pushed her. That rule or command, “Don’t hurt girls,” was already known by the boy even if he had never been taught it. The girl’s pain simply awakened his conscience. The same thing is true for these Ten Words (Ro. 7:7-8).

Cain knew it was wrong to kill Abel (Gen. 4:1-9) even though God hadn’t given the commandment, “Thou shalt not murder,” yet. Joseph knew not lie with Potiphar’s wife (Gen. 39:7-9) even though God hadn’t given the command, “Thou shalt not commit adultery.” Esau accused Jacob of cheating him (Gen. 27:36), and Jacob accused his father-in-law, Laban, of cheating him (Gen. 31:7) even though God hadn’t given the commandment, “Thou shalt not steal.” Abraham knew it was wrong to lie about Sarah being his sister (Gen. 12:11-20, 20:1-14) even though God hadn’t given the commandment, “Thou shalt not bear false witness.”

Everyone knows to not break the commandments because God has written them into the fabric of creation and on the heart of every person (Ro. 2:15). Everyone, even atheists (Ro. 1:21-25), know that we should love God with all our heart, soul, mind, and strength (Mt. 22:37). Everyone knows that we should love our neighbor as ourselves (Mt. 22:39).

God didn’t give the Ten Words so that we would know right from wrong. People knew (and still know) right from wrong already. Some think God gave the Ten Words to limit our freedom. Not at all. They are given in the context of God having set His people free, bringing them out of Egypt and slavery (Ex. 20:2). Instead, the Ten Words show God’s people what it looks like to be the free people He has created us to be. In the world that God has made, we aren’t free to do or be anything we please. We are free when we become what we are. A caterpillar is free to become a butterfly not a walrus. The Ten Words guide us to grow up to be what we are, and what we are is the very children of God (1 Jn. 3:2; Gal. 4:1-7).

Now, in an effort to assist with that growth, here’s some advice from Luther. Take each of the Ten Words with you into prayer and ask yourself these four questions: 1. What does this teach me? 2. What does this give me? 3. What does this show me to confess? And 4. What does this teach me to pray for?

For the first, “You shall have no other gods before Me,” you could pray something like this: “Father, thank you that You teach me that You are my God. Thank you that, as my God, You give me all good things. Forgive me for the times I do not trust You to be my God. Grant me Your Holy Spirit so I would love You with all my heart, soul, mind, and strength.”

For the seventh, “Thou shalt not steal,” you could pray: “Heavenly Father thank You for giving me so many good things. Everything I have is a gift from You. Forgive me for loving and pursuing stuff more than You. Help me to use what You have given me to serve my neighbor.”

Now, all of this is to say that what is most important with regard to the Ten Words is to believe them. Romans 14:23 says, “Whatever does not proceed from faith is sin.” As you believe the Ten Words, you see that God demands that you avoid certain sins and that you do certain good works. But you also see that God is accomplishing these things in you through faith. He has begun that good work in you when you were joined to Jesus’ death and resurrection in your Baptism (Ro. 6:1-11), and, again, He will complete that good work in you (Php. 1:6).

Dear saints, God promises that He is your God who has brought you out of slavery to sin by sending Jesus, who did not abolish the Law but fulfilled it. Through faith in Him, you have a righteousness that exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees. Because of Him and His work, you will enter the kingdom of heaven, and He invites you now to a seat at His table. Amen.

The peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus. Amen.

Slavery to the Promised Land – Sermon on Exodus 14:13-31 and Mark 1:9-13

Exodus 14:13-31; Mark 1:9-13

In the name of Jesus. Amen.

Scripture repeatedly connects water with death and life. At creation, there was chaos and darkness as the Spirit of God hovered over the face of the waters. But then God spoke, and life was brought forth (Gen. 1:2). In the Flood, God sent judgment and death upon sinful mankind by raining water on the earth for 40 days and nights, but those same waters were life-giving as they lifted Noah and his family safely in the ark above God’s judgment (1 Pet. 3:21). When Moses was born, the Hebrew baby boys were to be drowned in the waters of the Nile, but Moses was placed in a basket – his own personal ark – and saved by those waters to be found by Pharaoh’s daughter (Ex. 1:22-2:10).

After wandering in the desert for forty years, God’s people passed out of the deathly, barren wilderness and into the Promised Land by passing through the waters of the Jordan River (Jos. 3). Naaman came to the prophet, Elijah, as a man with deadly leprosy, but he washed himself in the waters of the Jordan River and came out with the skin of a newborn (2 Kg. 5:1-14). Jonah was swallowed by the great fish and brought down to the depths of the sea, but was vomited up again on dry land with new life (Jon. 1:17:2-10, Mt. 12:40). 

Last but not least, in tonight’s Old Testament lesson (Ex. 14:13-31), God’s people are departing Egypt and leaving the land of slavery, leaving the brutal taskmasters, whips, despair, hopelessness, and death behind. Initially, Israel had gone to Egypt to stay alive and find a place of refuge and rescue from a severe famine (Gen. 45:4-15). In those days, Egypt was a land that offered a good home while the world was filled with desperation (Ex. 1:1-7). But things had taken a bad turn. A new pharaoh came to power and saw God’s people as a source of cheap labor. The Hebrews ended up groaning under his cruelty. The land that had provided for them became the place of pain and sorrow. The country that had been a place of life became a place of death.

God heard the cries of His people and sent Moses to deliver them out of slavery and death. It wasn’t an easy departure. It took ten terrible plagues to convince Pharaoh to let them leave and go to the land that God had promised to give to Abraham and his offspring. But the Hebrews only got as far as the Red Sea when Pharaoh had another change of heart. Now, God’s people were stuck between a big body of water on one side and Pharaoh and his army on the other. 

God told Moses to lift his staff over the sea, and the waters parted so God’s people could pass through on dry ground. Through the water, God’s people left slavery and death and begin their journey from their exile in Egypt back to the Promised Land. The Egyptian army pursued them through those waters, but it didn’t work. The walls of the sea collapsed on Pharaoh’s army. The Lord did, indeed, fight for His people, and they had only to be silent (Ex. 14:14). The evil tormentors of God’s people were all washed away. The waters of the Red Sea were an instrument of both life and death. The same waters that destroyed the enemies of God’s people are the waters that save them. The waters that killed also delivered.

Dear saints, the world around is is getting very bleak. Yes, we live in the land of the free, but the darkness of evil is gathering around us. Like the Hebrews when they initially entered Egypt, we’ve had remarkably blessed days, but that is changing daily before our eyes. The novelist, G. David Hopf wrote, “Hard times create strong men. Strong men create good times. Good times create weak men. And, weak men create hard times.” The good times that have been a blessing from God, have created weak men. We are watching inflation soar. We see the potential for horrific wars. The holocaust of abortion continues to rage around us. And our culture has become so open-minded that brains are falling out. For example, yesterday, the supreme court nominee said that she was unable to define what a woman is during her confirmation hearing. Stating simple truths are now considered “hate speech.” It may be that hard times and persecution are looming large before us. Dear Christian, be ready. Our beloved country might turn into a land of slavery. Lord, have mercy.

But even if that isn’t the case and we enjoy more good days, it doesn’t change the fact that we are all slaves of sin and death. We continually sin in thought, word, and deed. We do not love God with our whole heart or our neighbors as ourselves. We need a Savior and deliverer. We need to be rescued from the demons. And, God be praised, God has come and fought for us to deliver us from every oppression.

In our Gospel lesson tonight (Mk. 1:9-13), Jesus came to the Jordan River. Scripture tells us that in those same waters, the people of Jerusalem, all Judea, and all the region around the Jordan were going to John to be baptized as they confessed their sins (Mt. 3:5-6). Jesus also went into that water to be baptized. But Christ didn’t need to be washed clean of sin because He didn’t have any. Instead, Jesus went down into those waters, and like a sponge, He absorbed those sins into Himself. After Jesus was baptized, He was driven by the Holy Spirit to go into the wilderness bringing those sins back to Satan, the father of sin.

In His baptism, Jesus began to take upon Himself the sins of the whole world (2 Cor. 5:21, Jn. 1:29). In Jesus, God has condemned sin in the flesh (Ro. 8:3). By taking our sin, going to the cross, and suffering God’s wrath against your sin, Jesus prepared you for your own journey into and through the waters of Baptism. In your Baptism, your old, sinful nature was drowned (Ro. 6:3-8), and your sin, all your sin, is washed away. God promises that in your Baptism, you have everlasting life and are delivered from your exile. Dear saints, continue to believe what God has promised you. Because of what Jesus has done for you, heaven has been torn open so you can pass safely through this world of sin and into the promised land of the kingdom of heaven. Amen.

The peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus. Amen.

Sneaky Slavery – Sermon on John 8:31-36 for Reformation Sunday

John 8:31-36

31 So Jesus said to the Jews who had believed him, “If you abide in my word, you are truly my disciples,32 and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.” 33 They answered him, “We are offspring of Abraham and have never been enslaved to anyone. How is it that you say, ‘You will become free’?” 34 Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, everyone who practices sin is a slave to sin. 35 The slave does not remain in the house forever; the son remains forever. 36 So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed.”

In the name of Jesus. Amen.

The crowds answered Jesus, “We are offspring of Abraham and have never been enslaved to anyone.” Right.

They must have completely forgotten their history. They had been slaves in Egypt until God delivered them from their slavery. Even when they arrived in the Promised Land, they were ruled by the Philistines, the Ammonites, the Midianites, and the Moabites. They were taken captive by the Assyrians and Babylonians. They had been under the Greeks and the Persians. And even when Jesus is talking to them here, they are under Roman authority. They had to pay taxes to Caesar and are worried that if people believe in Jesus, the Romans will come and take away their place and nation (Jn. 11:47-48). And remember, the chief priests wanted to kill Jesus, but they had to get permission from the Roman governor Pilate (Jn. 18:11). In fact, when you consider the 1,500-year history of the Jewish people, there is probably only a few hundred years where they were not in some sort of slavery to another nation or power.

But when Jesus says, “If you abide in My Word, you are truly My disciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free,” they are offended. Even though these are words of comfort and Gospel, there is an implied bit of Law here. Since the truth will (future tense) will set you free, that means that you are in bondage.

We have to recognize Jesus’ audience. He is speaking to the Jews who believed in Him. I know our translation throws in the word ‘had’ in there – “the Jews who had believed in him.” But that implies that they believed at one time but have stopped believing in Him. That isn’t what the Greek is trying to get across. The verb makes it clear.

Jesus is talking to people who do currently believe in Him, but their faith is shallow and in danger. In fact, by the end of this chapter, the faith of these people will be gone. They are offended at Jesus’ Words of Gospel and freedom. They believed in Him, maybe because of the miracles or because He was interesting to listen to. But they don’t abide, they don’t remain, in Jesus’ Word. They are a prime example of the path in Jesus’ parable of the Sower and the Seed. The Word is sown there, but the devil and demons quickly snatched it away (Mt. 13:4, 19) because their hearts were hardened with pride.

“If you abide in My Word, you are truly My disciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.” These are gracious words, but there is also a warning here for you and for me. That warning is this: It is possible to fall away. If you do not abide and remain in Jesus’ Word, then you are certainly not Jesus’ disciples; you will not know the truth, and you will not be free. Only those who abide and remain in Jesus’ Word are true disciples and become free.

Dear saints, Jesus might as well be speaking these very same words to you here today. You also need to abide in Jesus’ Word. You also need to know the truth which sets you free. Whether you recognize it or not, you are in bondage worse than any slavery this world can throw at you. Jesus says, “Truly, truly, I say to you, everyone who practices sin is a slave to sin.”

Sin has so infected us that we have a wrong sense of freedom. We think freedom means that we can do whatever we want whenever we want. We think freedom is a life without obligation or responsibility. That kind of existence, well, it doesn’t exist. Instead, we are captive and slaves to our sinful desires.

The Scripture readings you heard today have made this entirely clear. “All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Ro. 3:23). “Everyone who practices sin is a slave to sin” (Jn. 8:34). We sin; therefore, we are slaves to sin. And you can’t just wiggle out of this saying, “Well we don’t really have a choice in the matter.” Our slavery to sin is at a higher level than that. We are slaves in our will. We deliberately chose to sin. It isn’t just weakness or mistakes. We have all ignored our conscience, and knowing exactly what we are doing, we have chosen to sin. We sin on purpose and repeatedly.

And even when we do fight against our sinful desires, which is good, we still are doing so out of slavery. Jesus’ parable of the Prodigal Son (Lk. 15:11-32) shows that there is a slavery when we rebel and try to live apart from our heavenly Father, and there is also a slavery when we try to win the approval of our heavenly Father by life of obedience.

 So, remember the younger son? He deliberately tells his father to drop dead so he can have his inheritance early. That son takes all that he has, quickly wastes it in reckless living, and has to hire himself out feeding pigs. Remember, he was longing to eat the slop he was feeding the pigs. What he thought would bring him freedom made him a slave to pigs. So, he concocts a plan to go and ask to become a servant in his dad’s house in order to get a little food in his hungry tummy. Now of course, you know the story. The father doesn’t even hear the offer of his wayward son. Instead, the father restores this little brat to be a son and throws a party.

But don’t forget about the older son. He didn’t do all the wrong things his younger brother had done. He didn’t tell his father to drop dead. He didn’t demand his inheritance be given to him so he could move away and blow it all. He didn’t end up in the pigpen. No, the older brother hadn’t done anything wrong. But that didn’t make him any less of a slave.

Instead, that older brother insists that he did all the right things. He was dutifully working in his father’s field when his despicable brother returned. And when his father came outside to compel him to come and join the party celebrating his brother’s restoration, he answered his father, “I’ve served,” notice that, “I’ve servedyou my whole life. I’ve never disobeyed your command. I’ve never wasted your money. But when this son of yours comes home, you go and kill the fattened calf for him.” And the parable ends with the father pleading with his oldest son to join the party.

We know that slavery can come from living contrary to God’s Commandments; that is entirely clear and plain as the nose on your face. But there is another slavery – a slavery that is more sneaky – and that is the slavery of the older brother and the people Jesus is speaking to in this text. That is a slavery of us trying to live in such a way that God owes us for all the good we have done. My fellow sinners, repent of that thought as well. God will never be in our debt.

In this text and in parable of the Prodigal Son, we clearly see that God doesn’t want slaves. He wants sons. Slaves don’t remain in the house forever – only sons do. 

That is why Jesus has come. The only begotten Son of God came to do His Father’s will. He came to fulfill God’s Law and to be the perfect sacrifice for your sins and free you from slavery. Yes, you sin, and that reveals your slavery. But at the same time you are also a son – redeemed, purchased, and adopted by the blood of Christ. At the same time, you are a slave and a son, a sinner and a saint.

Dear saints always remember what Jesus says, “If the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed.”Christ has. You are free. Free from the condemnation of the Law. Free from the bondage of sin. Free from the fear of death. Free from the burden of having to earn your salvation. Free from the burden of having to complete your salvation. Free to serve God and neighbor without the nagging worry of whether you’ve done it well enough. 

Jesus Christ, the eternal Son of God, has set you free by His death and resurrection. He has freely given you the gift of new life, and that comes with a happy and joyful future that will last to all eternity. If the Son sets you free – and Christ has by His death and resurrection – you will be free indeed. So, “Fear not, little flock, for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom,” (Lk. 12:32). Amen.

The peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus. Amen.